Different Religions, Different Calendars
This article is an effort to learn about different religious calendars and the differences among them. Here, I am only writing the main points about each calendars. Readers can find much more details in several books and websites.
Christian Calendars:
There are mainly 2 Christian calendars.
1- Julian calendar
- A Solar calendar.
- Julian calendar started its counting with the Jesus Birth.
- It was a reform of the Roman calendar.
- Introduced by Julius Caesar in 45/46 BC.
- It is still in use by some churches.
- It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months.
2- Gregorian calendar
- A Solar calendar.
- Introduced as a reform of the Julian calendar in the Roman Catholic church.
- Introduced in 1582.
- Currently, it is being used worldwide.
- It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months.
Islamic Calendar:
- It is also referred as Hijri calendar.
- A Lunar calendar.
- Islamic calendar started its counting from the date Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and his companions from his hometown of Mecca to the city of Medina (622 CE).
- Introduced by Umar bin al Khattab, who was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
- It is used by Muslims worldwide for religious purposes.
- It has a year of around 354 days (based on the lunar cycle) divided into 12 months.
Jewish Calendar
- A lunisolar calendar, also called Hebrew calendar.
- It’s an official civil calendar in Israel.
- It is used by Jews worldwide for religious purposes.
- Jewish calendar started its counting from the time of the divine creation of the World.
- It has a year of 353-355 days divided into 12 months.
Hindu Calendar
- There is no specific calendar known as the “Hindu”calendar.
- It’s a collective name for most of the luni-sidereal calendars and sidereal calendars traditionally used in Hinduism.
- Most of the Hindu calendars derived from the Gupta era (5th to 6th century).
- The Indian national calendar was introduced in 1957 based on the traditional Hindu calendars.
- Over the period of time, Hindu calendar undergoes various variations according to the different regions. Some of the prominent Hindu calendars are:
- Tamil calendar
- Nepal calendar
- Malayalam calendar
- Buddhist calendar
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